Street Market, Kiev, Ukraine, September 10, 2011

Showing posts with label Yellowstone. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Yellowstone. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 26, 2011

More On Yellowstone Caldera

Could Yellowstone National Park’s caldera super-volcano be close to eruption?By Daniel Bates
Last updated at 12:26 PM on 25th January 2011
Scientists are predicting that the world's largest super-volcano in one of America's most popular national parks could erupt in the near future.

Yellowstone National Park’s caldera has erupted three times in the last 2.1million years and researchers monitoring it say we could be in for another eruption.
They said that the super-volcano underneath the Wyoming park has been rising at a record.It would explode with a force a thousand times more powerful than the Mount St Helens eruption in 1980.
Spewing lava far into the sky, a cloud of plant-killing ash would fan out and dump a layer 10ft deep up to 1,000 miles away.

Two-thirds of the U.S. could become uninhabitable as toxic air sweeps through it, grounding thousands of flights and forcing millions to leave their homes.

But hampered by a lack of data they have stopped short of an all-out warning and they are unable to put a date on when the next disaster might take place.

When the eruption finally happens it will dwarf the effect of Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano, which erupted in April last year, causing travel chaos around the world.

The University of Utah's Bob Smith, an expert in Yellowstone's volcanism told National Geographic: ‘It's an extraordinary uplift, because it covers such a large area and the rates are so high.

‘At the beginning we were concerned it could be leading up to an eruption.’
But he added: ‘Once we saw the magma was at a depth of ten kilometres, we weren't so concerned.

‘If it had been at depths of two or three kilometre we'd have been a lot more concerned.’

Robert B. Smith, professor of geophysics at the University of Utah, who has led a recent study into the volcano, added: ‘Our best evidence is that the crustal magma chamber is filling with molten rock.

‘But we have no idea how long this process goes on before there either is an eruption or the inflow of molten rock stops and the caldera deflates again’.

The Yellowstone Caldera is one of nature’s most awesome creations and sits atop North America’s largest volcanic field.

Its name means ‘cooking pot’ or ‘cauldron’ and it is formed when land collapses following a volcanic explosion.

In Yellowstone, some 400 miles beneath the Earth’s surface is a magma ‘hotspot’ which rises to 30 miles underground before spreading out over an area of 300 miles across.

Atop this, but still beneath the surface, sits the slumbering volcano.

Scientists monitoring it believe that a swelling magma reservoir six miles underground may be causing the recent uplifts.

They have also been keeping an eye on a ‘pancake-shaped blob’ of molten rock he size of Los Angeles which was pressed into the volcano some time ago.

But due the extreme conditions it has been hard to work out what exactly is going on down below, leading researchers unable to say with certainty what will happen - or when.

Since the most recent blast 640,000 years ago there have been around 30 smaller eruptions, the most recent of which was 70,000 years ago.
They filled the caldera with ash and lava and made the flat landscape that draws thousands of tourists to Yellowstone National Park every year.

‘Clearly some deep source of magma feeds Yellowstone, and since Yellowstone has erupted in the recent geological past, we know that there is magma at shallower depths too,’ said Dan Dzurisin, a Yellowstone expert with the U.S. Geological Survey at Cascades Volcano Observatory in Washington State.

‘There has to be magma in the crust, or we wouldn't have all the hydrothermal activity that we have.

‘There is so much heat coming out of Yellowstone right now that if it wasn't being reheated by magma, the whole system would have gone stone cold since the time of the last eruption 70,000 years ago.’

Wednesday, December 31, 2008

Amazing Ant Colony

I found this on geology.com this morning. I haven't checked this website for awhile just because I've been so busy with other stuff over the past few weeks. I checked it this morning due to the earthquake swarm that has been going on in Yellowstone National Park this week, looking for more information. I've posted before about the seismic possibilities in Yellowstone and how interesting I find it all. Something interesting is happening in the Yellowstone area, scientists are just not sure yet what it is.

As I scrolled down through the blurbs of recent news articles, web sites and scientific/geologic blog posts, this article caught my eye immediately because it contained video (I love pictures and if they actually move, all the better - I'm just a child at heart. :) ha ha)



Sometimes I think man is so arrogant. We think we know everything. We think we have all the answers. Yet, even scripture tells us to consider the ant.
Go to the ant, you sluggard;
consider its ways and be wise!
It has no commander,
no overseer or ruler,
yet it stores its provisions in summer
and gathers its food at harvest.
How long will you lie there, you sluggard?
When will you get up from your sleep?
A little sleep, a little slumber,
a little folding of the hands to rest-
and poverty will come on you like a bandit
and scarcity like an armed man.
and
"Four things on earth are small,
yet they are extremely wise:
Ants are creatures of little strength,
yet they store up their food in the summer;
coneys are creatures of little power,
yet they make their home in the crags;
locusts have no king,
yet they advance together in ranks;
a lizard can be caught with the hand,
yet it is found in kings' palaces.
Proverbs 6:6-11;30:24-28

Tuesday, August 12, 2008

Post Office Surprises and Questions

I went to the post office today. I needed to mail some letters that have been sitting on the table for 8 days now. Eight days! I tend to put off going to the post office when I need to buy stamps because I know I'll be in for a long, hot wait.

Today was no different.

Except that not only did I need to mail a bunch of letters, but I was expecting a package. I ordered a couple of Christmas presents from the Friends of Yellowstone bookstore. I sent an email along with the order, making sure that they knew this order was being shipped to Ukraine, not to the zip code on the package. For some reason, Ukraine chose to use a zip code system that uses the same numbers as the States uses. Grrr. We've had letters mailed to us before that ended up in:
Logan County, OK
Zip code population (2000): 1,059
Estimated population in 2005: 1,053

before they reached us. The person at the bookstore responded that they were sending the order to me USPS first class, or global first class or something like that. I don't think there is an Air Mail now like what I used to use when I worked in a mailroom.

I opened up our little post office "box" and there was a letter from our employer and a little slip that said there was a letter waiting for us behind the counter, and scratched in at the bottom, a package, too.

I got in line.
And waited.
And sweated.
And waited.
And sweated.
And waited and sweated.
And - did I mention that I sweated while I waited?

Unfortunately, some dear person who will remain nameless at this point is going to receive the letter that was on the pile that got dripped on the most. Sorry. I couldn't help it! The sweat was dripping off my nose and chin before I could catch it.

Gross, huh? :):):) ha ha

Finally, after what seemed like an eternity of listening to old women bitch at each other (I've been waiting for too long! Why don't you have my pension NOW? When will Lyuda be back and why is she gone? Can't you hurry up? Why isn't my favorite paper in here yet?) and to the old woman behind me in line who got up 3 times to stand behind me when she happened to think that maybe, possibly, could it be that the line was going to move forward? No. She was panting and wheezing and panting some more all over my arm. (She was kind of short...)

Finally it was my turn and I said clearly that I wanted stamps for these letters (this pile is all the same, these are different weights) plus an additional 20 stamps ("Plus 20 additional stamps?" "Yes.") and the woman behind the counter went to work. I wonder why their computer does not do addition and subtraction? Why do they use a computer AND an adding machine? Why does she have to look in 4 (I counted) different little books to figure out what a couple of additional grams costs to mail to the US? Why don't they have stamps in the correct amounts, but instead have to figure out "If I use one of these and two of these, then it will be ... a kopeck too much. Darn. Let's start over now. If I use three of these and two of those stamps then it will be ..." And finally she finishes and hands me my receipt and I say: "Where are the additional 20 stamps?" And she laughs at me and says, "You wanted another 20 stamps??" And I respond, "Yes. But not now. This lady (indicating Wheezer) has been waiting a long time. Next time." And I smile at her, wipe the sweat off my face one more time, pick up my packages!!! and leave.

Why is it that no one else standing in there is sweating like I am?? Maybe because I drink an appropriate amount of water every day and very few people here do? Most likely.

While I'm standing there quietly watching carefully everything that is going on, inside I am jumping up and down with anticipation because:

There is a surprise box for me!!! From SDSue!!!! And I think I know what might possibly be in it and I'm wondering how in the world I will ever be able to say thank you enough!!!

The post office is 2 blocks away. I walked over in less than 10 minutes. I walked back in less than 10 minutes. I was gone for an hour. When I got there, there were 3 people ahead of me, and one left right away.

Amazing. Absolutely amazing.

So, what was in the box? When I got home, Cheyenne wanted to know, too!
What does this say?
Maybe it says something on the back?
Maybe it's something tasty!
If I keep rubbing all over it, maybe she'll open it so I can see!!
No wonder "mom" was so excited!

Thank you, SDSue!!!! Unfortunately, we are going to someones place for dinner tonight so this is going to have to wait until tomorrow morning.

I hope I can wait that long!!!!

Tuesday, August 14, 2007

Earthquakes and Calderas

This image of ground deformation was created using data from several satellite passes from 1996 through 2000. The image shows 125 mm (about 5 in) of uplift centered within the northern end of Yellowstone caldera (black dotted line), about 10 km (6.2 miles) south of Norris. Each full spectrum of color (from red to purple) represents about 28 mm (1 inch) of uplift. The uplift is approximately 35 km x 40 km (22 miles x 25 miles) in size.

While checking my email this morning an earthquake notice caught my immediate attention. A 5.3 in Hawaii happened while we were sleeping here in Ukraine last night . I checked it out on FoxNews to see if there were any reports. A bit later I checked out geology.com, but no reports have been posted there yet.

However, there was a report posted about Yellowstone National Park that caught my eye immediately: Satellite Technologies Detect Uplift in the Yellowstone Caldera . Ah! Gotta look this one up!

Yellowstone is also one of my favorite places on earth. If memory doesn't fail me completely, Yellowstone was the place we went on our first 'official family vacation' when I was a kid. I was a very young teenager (or maybe 12?). In a blue Chevy station wagon, packed full with 5 kids, 2 adults, a dog and all the clothing, food and camping gear we would need, we drove from Colorado, up through beautiful Wyoming, through Grand Teton National Park, to Yellowstone. Inside the park we camped in one of the campgrounds, in our mustard-yellow tent, and spent several days exploring this amazing place called Yellowstone. I fell in love with it. I remember King Tut, our basset hound/pit bull mix dog - he was a very stubborn dog. Although he was on a leash, he insisted he had to go off the boardwalk at one point, quickly learning the hard way that all that water was a little too warm for his tootsies. He stayed on the boardwalks after that (no burns, just hot water).

I quickly developed a love/hate relationship with the smells of Yellowstone. Sulphur - hot and wet and stinky, blowing in your face - it's a very memorable smell, believe me! Now as an adult I like that smell - but only when I'm at Yellowstone! It is a 'happy' smell to me, a smell that brings thousands of questions to my mind immediately. The 'what?' and 'why?' and 'how?' kind of questions. The kind of questions that ignite a desire inside my mind to dig in and spend at least a life time exploring, learning, wondering in awe at what I see, smell, touch, hear, taste (yes, you taste Yellowstone when all that steam hits you and it's full of minerals!), what I think and feel emotionally by it all.

Therefore, when I see that headline about Yellowstone and the caldera - I have to look it up! It's a compulsion! :):)

Did you know that Yellowstone is a caldera? That it is a huge volcano that has erupted in the past, spewing lava and ash hundreds of miles away? That Yellowstone is a 'hot spot' in the crust of the earth, that it has moved ever so slowly across the western part of the United States over the millenia? Ah - you see, there is so much to learn about this one place on our marvelous earth! And I want to know it all! Unfortunately I cannot learn it all now. Fortunately I have an eternity in heaven to learn everything I want to learn. :):)

So, back to the article before I am completely carried away this morning by the raptures of learning and eternity and possibilities!

The Yellowstone caldera moves. Not just across the western United States, but up and down in elevation. While I was reading the article I couldn't help but think of a pot of simmering Cream of Wheat or similarly thick food, sitting over a very low flame, heating to the point where suddenly the surface begins to rise up, up, up oh so slowly - and then steam escapes from around the sides where food meets pot and it all collapses again, or a bubble of steam bursts through with a pop and splatter.

Just think - that is what our earth is doing! Magma and hot gases and water boil below the crust, causing the very ground beneath our feet to rise a few millimeters and then sink again. Usually it is a slow process in our human experience of time. Sometimes, however, it happens very quickly and an earthquake happens, a volcano spews out lava, gases and ash, or a geyser erupts in a cloud of steam and hot water.

God made this complex earth just for us. And we usually never really notice what is going on around us. Or we hear about it and take it for granted (yawn), seldom really thinking about these things at all unless a lot of people are killed. We usually never even thank Him for this marvelous gift - our wonderful planet Earth. And some people just don't care. How sad.

Yes, I could spend a lifetime exploring these things....

Thursday, October 19, 2006

Driving with Heidie

I was looking for a webcam in Fairbanks this evening and found a very interesting (to me anyway) place: The Great Alaskan Red Squirrel Cam . I looked around a bit at different things there, including the owners blog. And I found this photo: My Yard. If you look it up you will see it is his front yard, covered in tire tracks from some unknown vandal in the night. I was talking to my sister in Fairbanks at the time on Instant Messaging, so I sent her the url and she also looked it up. Then she asked me: “Do you remember “The Motel?” Do I remember “The Motel?” !!! Yes! I started laughing so hard my sides started to ache.

During the summer of 1990, Heidie decided to move from Fairbanks back home to Colorado Springs and, if I remember correctly, finish nursing school there. She had lived in Alaska for several years and wanted to bring several of her household items, plus her cat, down in her car. I volunteered to fly up and help her drive down the Alaska Highway. She packed her car, leaving room for me in the passenger seat and a tiny space for Prisca, the cat, in the back. We left and headed for the Canadian border.

Crossing into Canada, she needed proof that Prisca had had her shots, etc. so we had all of that readily available when we drove up to the Mounties border crossing station in Beaver Creek, Yukon Territory. However, Prisca had other ideas – she disappeared somewhere in the car, not even a whisker to be seen or a purr to be heard. We did not declare the cat because we had no idea where she was at!

That night we camped in a beautiful little campground several miles into Yukon Territory. (I wrote about a different time in that campground in another post, Young Eagles and Geometry.) We pitched our tent, snuggled into our sleeping bags and slept the night away. The next morning, Heidie let Prisca out to ‘do her business’ and she disappeared. There were only a couple of other people there in the campground and no one had seen her. We called and called, looked here and there – no cat. Heidie finally said, well, I guess we leave her here! But I responded, let’s look one more time down this other trail. We walked for 5 or 6 minutes and were just getting ready to head back to the car when I spotted a white splash off the trail in the underbrush. I went over and there she was, squatted down in a small hole, eyes wide open and black, in what appeared to be a frozen state of terror. I picked her up and took her back to meet Heidie, we hopped in the car and took on off down the road. No more cat adventures for Prisca! She stayed right with us the rest of the way.

I don’t remember all of the trip – it was several days on the Highway altogether. Beautiful days of travel in the late summer, early fall of the Canadian north. Western Canada is beautiful (I’ve never been in the eastern part so cannot comment on it). I would love to do it again. We crossed over into the States at the Glacier National Park border crossing, drove the Highway to the Sun backwards (from the top down, instead of the bottom up), down through Kalispell, and on farther into the heart of Montana.

I love Montana – it is a beautiful state. It is especially beautiful during the day. We did not see Montana during the day, unfortunately. Sometime after dark we went through Missoula and connected to Interstate 90. This part of our trip has become lovingly known as “the highway from hell” experience.

It was getting late, but we did not stop – we thought we would drive to the next exit and find a motel or campground for the night. We drove. And drove. And drove. The highway rolled on before us, mile after mile, after mile after mile…you get the point. It never ended. Literally hour after hour we drove on and on, in the dark, missing Montana as we twisted round this corner and down that hill on the never-ending exit-less highway.

Finally, we came to an exit ramp and turned off. In the middle of nowhere. Somewhere in the wilds of Montana (we have no idea where). In the wee hours of the morning. One little motel, surrounded by a couple of acres of land, set on the side of the interstate, beckoned us with warm cozy thoughts of a real bed, a real shower, a real room to sleep in. Neither Heidie nor I remember seeing any other buildings in the area, except maybe a couple of dark houses farther down the road.

We turned into the entrance of The Motel and drove a couple hundred yards up the driveway to the Office. Everything was dark, no lights on anywhere. We drove over to the row of rooms, parked right in front of one that had an empty space (most of them had empty spaces) and turned off the motor. We looked at each other in silent exhaustion. Our eyes were bloodshot, our rear ends were numb from sitting for hours and hours, day after day. When we closed our eyes, all we could see in our minds’ eye was more black highway with white stripes flashing by. We looked again at all the dark windows and quietly decided to travel on and see if we could find another place that was actually open farther down the road.

Heidie started the car, put it in reverse and backed up. She turned the car around, put it into forward gear and started to drive back to the road we had come in on. However – we could not find the road. We couldn’t even find the driveway. “How do you get out of here?” we wondered aloud. So in total confusion and ‘lostness’ we just drove around until suddenly, with a loud thump and bump, we drove off the edge of a cement curb back onto the road – and that is when we realized that we had just spent about 3 minutes driving around on their lawn, trying to find the driveway. I thought it all looked too nicely manicured… She jerked the wheel to the right and stepped on the gas, kicking up gravel as we spun around. By this time we were both laughing so hard we could hardly see. All I could think of was what those poor motel owners were going to think the next morning when they looked out their window and found tire tracks wandering around their lawn and dropping off the curb in the middle of their front yard. I hope we did no permanent damage (she did swerve a couple of times so as not to run through a flower bed or two…)

Needless to say, we were now wide awake and found our way back to the Interstate. Not too far down the highway we came to another quiet, dark exit, but we looked at each other and said – “No! Let’s find another, bigger place – we are already awake!” On and on, down the road, for several more miles we drove. Finally a billboard for KOA! We pulled off at the marked exit and drove over to the KOA Kampground. No one was awake there, either, so we pulled into an empty tent spot, quickly set up the tent, threw in our sleeping bags, and went to sleep. First thing in the morning, after trips to the restroom, Heidie went in search of the manager so we could pay for our spot. He was very surprised. He had no idea we had come in during the night. In fact, if we had just packed up and left, he would have been none the wiser.

That day we drove down through Yellowstone National Park – the first time I had seen it since the devastating fires a couple years before. What a shock, even though we knew there had been severe destruction. That night we actually made it all the way into Utah and Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area. Again, it was quite late when we drove in, found a campsite and set up our tent. This time it was so warm that we left the rain shield off the top of the tent – we were in the desert after all! Bad mistake. Well, not so bad, actually. We were just rudely awakened the next morning by rain falling on our faces, turned to a fine spray as it fell through the thin layer of synthetic material stretched between us and the wild blue yonder. Very quickly we got up, rolled our sleeping bags and stashed them away in the car. And the rain stopped. We cooked some breakfast and headed out – driving through Aspen later in the day and over Independence Pass, making it home to Woodland Park late that night.

I’ve thought about “the highway from hell” and The Motel many times since then. And every time I do think of it, I laugh so hard it hurts.

Maybe you had to be there….

Oh I love my life!

Saturday, October 14, 2006

Yellowstone, August 2005


Shadows